I'm a science writer and editor. I work with clients in the observatory and planetarium community, as well as my own book, web, planetarium, and other projects.
Need a writer/editor? Visit my services page for my projects and availability.
Note: The ads you see below and at the bottom of this page are screened for content and many fine companies do appear here. Occasionally ads I don't want DO slip through, particularly for pseudo-science, st*r-naming, ID, and other questionable sites. Please understand that I cannot be held responsible for their content. Do visit them if you wish, but as with all advertising, be logical and use common sense.
Up until a couple of days ago we were shivering under some pretty cold temps up here in New England. The other night we took the trash out and it was about 10 below zero (F)—cold enough to literally take your breath away. The sky was quite clear that night, and the stars were stunningly beautiful. Mars was like a red beacon...
The next day I walked out to get the mail and noticed the ice in the driveway. It reminded me of pictures I'd seen of ice fields on the worlds of the outer solar system. Out there ice doesn't so much melt off the surfaces of those worlds, but it sublimates—it turns from ice crystals into a gas without going through that pesky liquid phase we see here on Earth.
Oh, there is liquid water out there at the outer worlds. At least, that's the working hypothesis deduced from various observations. And, how else do you explain what looks like deposits of fresh ice that have somehow oozed up through cracks on the surfaces of places like Enceladus, Europa and Pluto's moon Charon? It's only a matter of time before the existence of all those cold oceans are confirmed. And, when I read about them, I can certainly sympathize with the idea of cold—especially after the bitterly cold weather we had last week. However, I am reminded that 10 below zero here on Earth would be a pretty warm day on Mars or Enceladus or Tethys or Pluto or Charon— so we have it pretty good here at home.
Speaking of cold and ice and outer solar system, here's the latest installment of my ongoing vodcast series. It features an observation made at Gemini Observatory that I wrote about a few months ago, and an image I worked on with the PR folks at Gemini. Come on—let's go visit some ice worlds!
To see this video here, you need to tell your browser not to block active content, or you need to get the Flash player. RSS readers who can't access the video can download it here.
We are lucky to live in a time when images of the cosmos are pouring in from various telescopes (both on and OFF Earth) at a prodigious rate. Every day I can check upwards of a dozen or so websites where the "latest from space" shows up in full, glorious color; everything from pictures of Mars to images of the most distant galaxies in the cosmos.
Sometimes data about distant objects isn't even in picture form, but looks more like a graph. It's still important information, but not quite so photogenic as a picture. And, like it or not, humans are still enticed more by a pretty picture than a graph, even if the graph is like the one below, telling us something really exciting about the discovery of geyser-like plumes on Charon, a companion world to distant Pluto. Since the general reader might not pick up on the "excitement" just by looking at a graph of data, it's often up to science writers and scientists who bring the story alive.
The spectrum of Charon obtained by NIRI at Gemini North. It is centered at 2.2 microns for the sub-Pluto (top) and anti-Pluto (bottom) hemispheres of Charon. The solid line denotes the best fit for a model of a surface with ammonia hydrate and water ices. The dashed lines are data that indicate the position of the ammonia hydrate feature. The sub-Pluto and anti-Pluto ammonia hydrate minima are located at 2.2131 and 2.1995, respectively. (The error bars represent 1 sigma.). (Spectrum by Jason Cook.)
A few weeks ago I was working on a press release for Gemini Observatory about Charon. We got the graph above from the scientist who had done the observations, which were made using a special infrared-sensitive imager/spectrograph and adaptive optics at the Gemini North telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i. It's an important piece of science, but we knew we needed a pretty picture to bring the story home to readers who don't know a lot about spectroscopy or infrared imaging. So, I worked on a mockup of what I thought Charon would look like if it had geyser-type formations spewing water ice across the surface. Planetary scientists have a term for this kind of action: cryovolcanism.
Even though this was the first time that cryovolcanism had been "seen" on Charon, I knew from past experience with other icy worlds (and comets) about what it should look like. Ultimately, using worlds created for Seeker3D by Software Bisque, a DigitalSky starfield from Sky-Skan, Inc. plus some Adobe Photoshop® wizardry by Mark Petersen (and a little additional Photoshop® work of my own), I created a composite scene of what I thought the Charon cryovolcanism action would look like, and sent it off to the folks at Gemini to use with the press release and subsequent story/caption.
An artist’s conception of Charon (with Pluto in the background) against the backdrop of the Milky Way. The plumes and brighter spots depicted at left on Charon are thought to be created as water (with some ammonia hydrate mixed in) “erupts” from deep beneath the surface. The material sprays out through cracks in the icy crust, immediately freezes and snows crystalline ice down onto the surface, creating a water-ammonia hydrate ice field. Such fields were detected and studied using the near-infrared imager on Gemini North. (This composite image includes Pluto and Charon models (enhanced), courtesy of Software Bisque. www.seeker3d.com, with plumes and ice fields added by Mark C. Petersen, Loch Ness Productions. Star field from DigitalSky 2, courtesy Sky-Skan, Inc.)
Coupled with the graphed data, the subsequent story (which you can read here) gives every kind of reader something to grasp in this story of exploration of our outer solar system.
Having gone through the process of image creation (along with the writing of the press release (with valuable input from astronomers Jason Cook, Scott Fisher, Steven Desch, and Tom Geballe)), I appreciated once again the power of the written word coupled with strong illustrations that tell both a scientific and visual story. Judging by the number of places that picked up the story and image and ran with it, I'd guess all of us who worked on this story succeeded in bringing that story home!
The sites below belong to space and astronomy enthusiasts. I make every effort to check them and make sure they are still appropriate. However, I am not responsible for their content, nor do I endorse any of it by simply linking to them. As with all Web surfing, please exercise caution.
Adot's Notblog A fellow traveler blogger and astronomy enthusiast!
Astronomy Blog An astronomy blog pondering the big questions
