Unseen Influences

I was standing in the checkout line today at the grocery store and the title of one of those little pocketbooks caught my eye: Cat Astrology. And, I thought to myself, “I am in the wrong business. Here’s somebody making money selling completely inane stuff in supermarket checkouts.”

And I wondered just how many scruples I’d have to shed before I could actually write and sell such stuff. Too many, but obviously somebody without a shred of understanding of science and the laws of physics, gravitation, or (as my grandmother used to say) “a lick of sense” did check their scruples at the door when it came to writing something that makes absolutely no common sense, just in order to write a book for a few bucks.

When it comes to debunking astrology and all related nonsense, I turn to my old friend Phil Plait at Bad Astronomy for a clear explanation. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific also has a fine page on astrology debunking, as well as treatises and resource materials on such interesting (but hardly scientific) things as crop circles, UFOs, the Face on Mars, and so on.

There’s a lot of malarky out there in the “sphere of ideas” masquerading as “real science” or “truth” or “one true way” trains of thought. People who are interested in or work in science or public explanations of science do encourage questions. Most of us understand that we’re always going to get the “whack” questions, but if we’re good, we also understand that those questions do stem from a very real human need to understand what goes on around us in the universe.

Thus, our answers need to encourage people to understand science as a way to understand the physical universe. The questions that come up time and again about astrology and UFOs and energy rings and all the other nonsense that crops up again and again as “weird science” or “magic” or what have you, are grounded in ignorance of how things work in the cosmos.

There’s usually a good explanation about how things work (i.e. using the actual mechanics of planetary orbits and the inverse square law governing the force of gravity to explain why astrology doesn’t stand up to even the most cursory scrutiny). But, public misunderstanding of how things work, and even worse—the wilful promulgation of ideas that are physically incorrect and impossible under the current laws of physics that govern the universe—can get people into trouble. Serious, physical trouble. (And, don’t get me started on the harm that silly political and social ideas can do…)

Back when I was writing for a newspaper we had a woman write a letter to the editor about a nuclear weapons facility that had been shut down. There were a number of lakes in the region that had been contaminated with plutonium-laden runoff from the plant’s holding ponds, etc., and there was great concern that housing developments built in the areas of the lakes would stir up the plutonium dust in the soil and in the lakes (which would be particularly egregious if the lakes were drained in order to make room for more homes). The letter-writer sent in a note complaining disdainfully that the treehuggers who were so concerned about the environment were so stupid to worry about the lakes because, as everybody knew “plutonium is a heavy element, and that means its weight will make it sink to the bottom of the lakes.”

Never mind that a particle of plutonium-contaminated dust can travel on the wind, be inhaled into a lung and do great damage (and even cause death). This woman’s REAL problem started because she was SO ignorant of science that she confused atomic weight for the kind of weight you measure when you get on the scale (which is really the pull of gravity on your mass).

I often wondered if she ever tried to mix chlorine bleach and ammonia at home…

So, as you can see, most misconceptions about science stem from ignorance and misunderstanding. As students of science (hell, as students of life!) we all start out in a position of ignorance. That’s the nature of our minds. We have to learn how the cosmos works, all of which can be measured and explained scientifically. It’s certainly tempting to believe in magic, particularly at points in our lives when unicorns and UFOs and fairies and all sorts of other fantastical beings are attractive to us. That’s human nature. But, science isn’t about wishful thinking and astronomy isn’t about using imaginary powers of planets to explain why a cat shreds a carpet or nuzzles up against us when it’s hungry. It’s infinitely more exciting and wonderful than any fairy tales the folks who write books about cat astrology for sale at the checkout counter can tell.

I wish more people understood that about science.

The Lazarus Telescope

I have to hand it to the folks at the Space Telescope Science Institute. They’ve gone and done it again—bringing a critical part of the system back online after a wild few days of diagnosis. The Advanced Camera for Surveys (one of the telescope’s main “eyes” on the sky) suffered a power supply problem. They took it offline to avoid damage, did some quick tests, and managed to bring it all back late last week.

This episode brought back some memories of the first “fix” the telescope faced. Back when I was first in graduate school, HST had just been launched and scientists were eagerly awaiting the first views through its portals. The bad news of spherical aberration was terrifying, especially considering how much we’d spent on the thing, and how many peoples’ careers were entwined with the instruments onboard (including my advisor’s!).

HST on orbit
HST on orbit

Now it’s 16 years later and this venerable telescope is up there still ticking after a few refurbishment and repair missions, and cranking out incredibly great science. My first well-received book (Hubble Vision, now out of print in both editions, but I know you can still find it at Amazon) dealt with the technical issues and also the science as it started coming in.

HST left behind the “techno-flop” label a long time ago. I was glad to see those terrible times end because most of us who were on the teams or knew people on the teams knew that the scope could be made to work. It took a lot of ingenuity and sweat, but it got done.

A chart of HSTs targets. Solar system objects are shown as yellow dots; stars are blue; star clusters are orange; nebulae are green; galaxies are red; galaxy clusters are pink; and other targets such as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey are the white dots.
A chart of HST's targets. Solar system objects are shown as yellow dots; stars are blue; star clusters are orange; nebulae are green; galaxies are red; galaxy clusters are pink; and other targets such as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey are the white dots.

I was intrigued to see a chart of where HST has looked in the sky during its years on orbit. It seems to have looked literally in nearly every direction, and out to the most distant reaches of the observable universe. It has made more than 700,000 exposures and looked at more than 22,000 targets.

Despite the accomplishments, HST isn’t out of the woods yet. It is way overdue for a refurbishing mission. This week’s successful shuttle mission may put an HST “upgrade” mission back on the books. We can only hope. This is one darned fine instrument, and it deserves to be brought back to life as often and for as long as we can do it, or until the James Webb Space Telescope is a reality.