Who Knew a Planetarium Was a Political Weapon?

I Thought it was a Place to Learn about Astronomy

This is an overhead projector. NOT a planetarium projection system.
This is an overhead projector. NOT a planetarium projection system. There's a difference.

To quote my friend Phil Plait,

“The stupid–it burns!!!”

I really don’t like to discuss politics on here, but sometimes something really stupid comes down the pike out of the mouth of a political contender and it begs for correction.

So, here goes:  apparently John McCain’s presidential campaign advisors don’t know the difference between an overhead projector and a planetarium projection system. And apparently, neither does John McCain, since he pretty much appears to have bought whatever they told him to say in his most recent debate. So, he ranted about an overhead projector at Adler Planetarium.

Huh???

Most people who have been to a planetarium (and there are at least 110 million people who go each year) DO know the difference between the two, which makes them immediately much more experienced than both John McCain and his feckless vice-presidential partner. And don’t forget that the younger generation lives and breathes technology.  I figure a lot of them are laughing at this McCain technology gaffe right about now… along with the rest of us.

So, in the interests of schooling yet another clueless politician about reality, here are some pictures to help McCain’s crack team of researchers understand the magnitude of their ignorance.  An overhead projector is a piece of 20th century technology used in a classroom. It’s pretty old-fashioned, but it gets the job done in a pinch. It’s sort of the predecessor to PowerPoint. A planetarium instrument (or projection system) is used in a dark dome-shaped room to teach about astronomy and space science. The two systems are not the same thing. Period.

This is Evans & Sutherlands Digistar system. It also uses computers and video projection systems to create immersive environments.
This is Evans & Sutherland's Digistar system. It also uses computers and video projection systems to create immersive environments.
This is Sky-Skans Definiti system. It uses computers and video projection systems to create immersive science education environments.
This is Sky-Skan's Definiti system. It uses computers and video projection systems to create immersive science education environments.

There are various forms of planetarium systems, including computer-and-digital-video projector-based products from Sky-Skan, Inc., (based in Nashua, New Hampshire), Evans & Sutherland (based in Salt Lake City), Spitz, Inc., in Pennsylvania, Konica-Minolta (Japan), Global Immersion (UK), Digitalis Education Systems, e-planetarium, and the Elumenati. Of course there are also the beautiful opto-mechanical systems built by Zeiss (in Germany), and Konica Minolta and GOTO (based in Japan).

A Zeiss Universarium
A Zeiss Universarium-a blend of opto-mechanical and digital systems.

All planetarium projection systems are sophisticated instruments. Some, including one at Adler Planetarium in Chicago, are computer-based visualization systems quite far removed from the simplicity of the overhead projectors that are apparently Mr. McCain’s (and his handlers) perception of a planetarium instrument. I figure they either misunderstood what was purchased by the Adler Planetarium for one of its domes (and didn’t check it out before letting their guy make a fool of himself on stage) or they didn’t care as long as they had a weapon to brandish.

Let’s talk about what these systems do, shall we?

Sure, these systems cost a few bucks but they are worth it for what they can do to help kids learn about astronomy (which is a gateway science to other sciences). I would suggest that $3 million spent at Adler Planetarium is far more likely to benefit the education of millions of people over time, and that it will pay itself back faster than a bridge to nowhere or tax cuts for those who don’t need them.

And, $3 million is a drop in the bucket compared to what each American is going to pay (and future Americans will have to pay) to for the financial system bailout. At least with a planetarium, we will see a very big intellectual and educational return on our relatively small financial investment at Adler (and other science centers and institutions of higher learning that ALSO get grants (and no doubt some earmarks) to build science educational facilities, including some in Mr. McCain’s home state of Arizona).

Compared to bailouts, money given to such endeavors is well-spent in the long run. How so?

Planetariums and science centers are where students, parents, teachers, and members of the public go to learn about science. It may have slipped the attention of Mr. McCain and his handlers in their fumbling fervor to find “facts” to fling at his opponent, but many scientists (including astronauts, astronomers, physicists, doctors and so on) got their interest in science when they went to a planetarium. Many others, including writers, teachers, actors, and even some enlightened politicians, also got interested in science when they went to a planetarium.

In case the McCain campaign has missed it, the U.S. has been a technological leader for decades based on its dedication to science education and technology as a way to create jobs and get ahead. And traditionally planetariums in schools and colleges, as well as those in museums and science centers, have given people the basics about science and nourished their interest in the subject.

I’m just sayin’…

So, Mr. McCain and handlers, here are a couple of pieces of advice from a regular American citizen and voter:  1) an overhead projector isn’t a planetarium, so you might want to learn the difference before you show your technological ignorance in public again, and 2) slagging planetariums is pretty much slagging science education and the American voters who trust that science education is important (which comprises a huge number of us). And, by slagging Adler in your quest to attack your opponent, you’re slagging some good, hardworking people, the citizens of Illinois, and some high-tech companies that made science education a priority around the world as well as in the U.S. On top of that, those companies and the Adler are providing JOBS and technology.  So, good going on the insults and ignorance, McCainites.

And finally, here’s a question for you:  if you and your handlers got this one wrong, what else are you getting wrong?

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(Note: U.S. citizens — have you registered to vote?)

Another Side of Mercury

More Cool Planetary Science

A wide-angle camera view of Mercury
A wide-angle camera view of Mercury

Yesterday the MESSENGER mission did a close flyby of Mercury and began returning high-resolution images.  I’ll start with the last one first — it was was taken about 90 minutes after the spacecraft’s closest approach to the planet, while Messenger was on the way “out”.

The bright crater in the center is called “Kuiper” — named after Gerard Kuiper, a well-known planetary scientist.  This crater was first spotted in Mariner 10 images in the 1970s, but the real news is that this image shows terrain we haven’t seen before. Everything east of Kuiper (toward the limb (right edge) is new to our eyes. Notice the rays extending out across the whole right side of the image, emanating from a relatively fresh crater that had only been seen at low resolution from Earth using radar scanning techniques. This gives planetary scientists a whole new side of Mercury to interpret as they work to understand Mercury’s formation and cratering history.

A close-up of Mercury a few minutes after close approach.
A close-up of Mercury a few minutes after close approach.

Only a few minutes after closest approach, the spacecraft snapped this image of Mercury’s cratered, pitted surface. The last time anybody saw an image of this part of Mercury was from Mariner 10 in the 1970s. The largest impact feature at the top of the image is about 133 kilometers (83 miles) across and is named Polygnotus (who was a Greek painter who lived in the 5th century B.C.). It has a central peak ring and is surrounded by smooth plains material (which probably was molten rock that flowed and hardened after the impact). Another large crater at the top left of the image is called Boethius (after a 6th century Roman philosopher).  It also appears to be almost filled with smooth plains (probably formed the same way).  Sometime well after the impact which created the crater, the whole area was deformed during the formation of a prominent scarp (a cliff).

Never-before-seen terrain on Mercury
Never-before-seen terrain on Mercury

Finally, from a time about 58 minutes before closest approach, Messenger snapped this dynamic image, which I think gives a nifty 3D “feel” for those of us watching on flat screens. The features in the foreground, near the right side of the image, are close to the terminator, the line between the sunlit dayside and dark night side of the planet, so shadows are long and prominent.  You can make out two very long scarps that appear to cut across each other. One occurred first, and then sometime later, tectonic forces created the other one. The easternmost scarp also cuts through a crater, which means that it formed after the impact that created the crater. Other neighboring impact craters, such as in the upper left of this image, appear to be filled with smooth plains material (again, probably from molten rock that flowed after the impact and then cooled and hardened).

There will undoubtedly be more images coming from the MESSENGER mission. If you want to follow the action and get larger versions of all the images, point your browser to the MESSENGER website gallery. Mission scientists are examining images and putting them up as they do — so check frequently!