Category Archives: spirit rover

Good Night, Spirit

NASA Says Spirit Isn’t Phoning Home

Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. Courtesy NASA.

The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit, a mission designed to last three months but instead lasted more than six years, has not responded to NASA’s attempts to contact it for the past 10 months. The last transmission to the plucky little rover, which got mired in a sand trap on Mars but continued to send information until the onset of Martian winter last year, will be tomorrow.  NASA engineers say that the rover has endured a pretty stressful winter, what with the lack of sunlight to keep its batteries charged to run its survival heaters. Without those warmers, the internal temperatures on the rover likely got cold enough to damage or destroy critical components and connections. If that has indeed happened, then Spirit has gone to sleep and won’t be waking up again.

Spirit landed on Mars on Jan. 3, 2004. After accomplishing its prime-mission goals, the rover’s controllers programmed it to accomplish additional objectives, including further exploration of the region where it landed, and ongoing imaging of the surface and atmospheric measurements. Its twin, Opportunity, continues active exploration of Mars on the other side of the planet.

With the loss of Spirit, NASA is redeploying teams to work with the Mars rover, Curiosity, which launches in November of this year. Mars exploration goes on — building on Spirit’s successes and accomplishments. For those of us who are interested in Mars and its continued exploration, it’s a sad passing, but we know that Spirit has advanced our understanding of the planet.  If you haven’t kept up with the latest in Mars exploration, check it out at NASA’s MER pages.

Is Spirit Sleeping?

Will She Wake Up?

The Mars Spirit Rover continues to snooze away at the location where she has been stuck since last year.  The little rover has been silent since March 22, 2010, but operators haven’t given up on hearing from the spacecraft. Project technicians are listening for Spirit, and are hoping that as the year wears on and solar insolation levels rise, the rover will get her batteries charged, wake up, and phone home.

She Found Evidence of Water

This mosaic of images shows the soil in front of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. It is presented in false color to make some differences between materials easier to see. Bright-toned soil was freshly exposed by the rover's left-front wheel during the drives and can be seen with a "sand wave" shaping that resulted from the unseen wheel's action. Spirit's panoramic camera (Pancam) took the component images during the period from the 2,163rd to 2,177th Martian days, or sols, of Spirit's mission on Mars (Feb. 2 to Feb. 16, 2010). The turret at the end of the rover's arm appears in two places because of movement during that period. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University

In the meantime, though, analysis of data sent back from Spirit last year shows evidence that water — maybe in the form of melting snow — has been trickling into the subsurface layers and has been doing so for some time. The evidence lies in layers of soil beneath the rover.

Insets in the upper left and lower right corners of the frame show magnified views of the nearby inscribed rectangles within the mosaic. Each rectangle covers about 25 centimeters (10 inches) of surface. The top inset and upper portion of the mosaic include targets within soil layers exposed by the action of Spirit’s wheels in April 2009 and examined in detail with instruments on Spirit’s arm during the five subsequent months. “Olive pit” and “Olive leaf” are two of the analyzed targets.

It seems that under a thin covering of windblown sand and dust, relatively insoluble (meaning “unable to dissolve in water) minerals like hematite are concentrated near the surface and more-soluble ferric sulfates have higher concentrations below that layer. This suggests that has moved downward through the soil, dissolving ferric sulfates and carrying them down to the lower layers.  The brightness and color of the freshly disturbed soil seen in the center area of the mosaic indicates the this formerly hidden material is sulfate-rich. Before Spirit drove into this patch, the surface looked like the undisturbed ground highlighted in the lower-right inset. Flecks of red material in the surface layer resemble the appearance of the surface layer at other locations where Spirit’s wheels have exposed high-sulfate, bright soils.

I think it’s pretty cool that we can do such astonishing geological studies on a planet that is some 15 or so light-minutes away and out of human reach.  But, our little geology rangers have given us the chance to sift the soil of Mars, sniff its atmosphere, and study the long-range surface changes. This is learning and exploration at its best!