Exploring the Universe

It Begins Here at Home, Part II

One of the things I absolutely love about astronomy is that it’s just outside the door. You go out, you look up and you see things. During the day you know the Sun’s there, and part of the month you can also see the Moon.  At night, the stars are there for your exploration, along with the planets, and an amazing array of deep-sky objects such as nebulae.  What if you had such concentrated and perfect eyesight that you could look across more than thirteen billion light-years of space to some of the earliest galaxies and galaxy “seedlings” ever formed?  Well, people right here on Earth can do that. They’re using a magnificent time machine called the Hubble Space Telescope to do it.

The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF). My gosh, it’s full of galaxies! Courtesy STScI/NASA. (Click to embiggenate)

Over a period of ten years, astronomers have aimed the telescope at a patch of sky in the constellation Fornax and taken images of distant galaxies in that direction. They’ve essentially used HST as a big light bucket for a decade to collect faint light streaming from thousands of galaxies.

The resulting image is called the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF), and it has gorgeous spiral galaxies similar in shape to our Milky Way and the neighboring Andromeda Galaxy.  There are also large, old fuzzy red galaxies where the formation of new stars has shut down.

If you look closely at the large version of this image, you’ll find tiny, faint, and extremely distant galaxies sprinkled across the image. Think of these as the “seedlings” from which today’s  striking galaxies grew.

This whole image is basically a history of galaxy formation — from the first shreds of galaxies to the enormous and grand galaxies we see today in near-Milky Way space.
Hubble used two instruments to get this image. It took the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 to get this level of detail from 2,000 images taken over a total exposure time of 2 million seconds spread out over ten years.  Why take so long?  The longer you look, the deeper you look, and the deeper you look, the further back in time you see. Thus, Hubble is really a time machine, showing us the distant universe — all the while orbiting Earth and sending back data and images to astronomers right here on the planet.  It’s really pretty amazing when you think about it.

To learn more about this image, surf on over to the Hubble Space Telescope Web site, and feast your eyes on bigger versions of this image. It’s worth exploring!

Exploring the Universe

It Begins Here at Home, Part I

Mars-like Places Here on Earth

Earth's limb from space. Courtesy NASA.

Life here on Earth is pretty fascinating. There are so many different kinds of life, and so many different places it can thrive, from the oceans to the mountaintops to the deserts. We can probably be forgiven (us humans) for thinking that Earth is just about the only place where it can do so. That’s understandable… we once thought we were the pinnacle of creation and that Earth was ours to do with what we wanted. And, our planet bears the scars of activities engendered by that kind of thinking.

But, we’re wising up and figuring out that life can exist in all kinds of places and they don’t have to be on our planet. Take Mars, for example. If you’ve been following any of the Mars missions put on or near the planet by any of several countries over the past few decades, you can’t have missed how much some of its landscapes remind us of places here on Earth.

Mars in all its glory. Courtesy STScI/NASA.

Places where life exists on our planet. Some of them are pretty darned inhospitable places to us as humans, but perfectly acceptable paradises for other forms of life.  Take the Antarctic, for example, or the relentlessly hot salt pans in Tunisia, or the Rio Tinto where the environment is corrosively acidic. In all these places, life can be found.  These, and other spots such as the Utah desert, Devon Island in the Arctic, and the volcanic slopes of Mauna Kea in Hawai’i are among the many places where scientists do research to understand the conditions where life can flourish.

For Mars, scientists visit all kinds of places to study “Mars analogs”, those places that seem Mars-like here on Earth. Groups such as the Centro de Astrobiologica in Madrid range around the planet doing cutting-edge research on life’s origins and ability to withstand conditions that would give humans second thoughts about living in such areas.

I’ve often flown over the deserts of the southwest U.S. and thought to myself, “take away the plants, chill down the atmosphere, and this place could be Mars”.  Same with Hawai’i, where I did some graduate field study in Mars analog conditions. So, it’s natural to me that our home planet would help us understand more about places like Mars. And, in the reverse, that Mars may very well help us understand how life on our own planet evolved and adapted. It’s an ongoing planetary exploration story that’s going on right here on the home planet. Stay tuned!

Research Begins Here at Home, Too.

Final Day for Crowdsourcing Research Fund Drive

Uwingu, crowd-sourced science research.

Speaking of research here at home, the final countdown has begun for Uwingu’s fundraising campaign over at Indiegogo. The deadline for contributions is midnight tonight (Monday, September 24th) Pacific Daylight Time.

This project is the brain-child of my friend Alan Stern and several well-known planetary scientists and outreach educators.  They’ve banded together to create a cool project that will help fund ongoing science research that isn’t being funded today due to budget shortfalls in the U.S.  They’ll also be funding outreach projects to help bring the next generation of scientists up to speed as they proceed through elementary, high school and college.

It’s an admirable effort and I’ve donated to the cause because I am a science outreach type myself and I can see what the Uwingu folks are trying to do is of great intrinsic value.  Plus, the money’s spent right here on Earth, helping us grow our understanding of the cosmos.

If you’ve got the cost of a trip to your favorite coffee shop available, or can spare the equivalent of a couple of movie tickets or a computer game or even more, consider sending it to Uwingu. You’ll be eligible for some cool perks, although the best one will be simply the satisfaction of knowing you made a difference in science research.  THAT’s seriously cool.

I heard from co-founder Alan Stern that he’s going to be on Coast-to-Coast from 10 p.m. to midnight (PDT) tonight during the final countdown to the campaign’s end, sharing his insights with everyone about science research and how important it is to all of us. So, it could get pretty exciting at the last moment!