exoplanets

Exoplanets and Life “Out There”

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We’re Learning More all the Time

The Kepler and COROT missions are on the hunt for extrasolar planets, and so are a host of ground-based observers. There’s no doubt in my mind that sometime in the next few years, scientists will find a planet that has signs of life — whether that life is currently extant or long gone.  When that happens, our cosmic view will be changed forever.

The search for those planets and the life they may contain is fraught with questions: what will that life be like? Will the planets be like Earth, or different?  Will that life be intelligent?  How do scientists know what the signs of life are?

They’re all good questions and people in the general public are as interested in finding out as are the scientists. If you want to learn more, you have to search out websites like SETI.org and NASA’s astrobiology site.

I got an email recently from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. As many other museums are doing around the country, they are having a series of social evenings where attendees can meet and mingle (and hear talks from) scientists about various topics. The AMNH series is called Science Cafe.  One of their talks — coming up on October 7 — focuses on exoplanets and the search for life in the universe,  featuring a talk by Dr. Ben Oppenheimer. If you are near NYC and want to learn more, check it out and have a cocktail while you’re at it!   Dr. Oppenheimer will discuss exoplanets, as well as his search for a hypothetical Earth-twin and signs of habitability in nearby planetary systems. Oppenheimer will also explain his role as principal investigator on the Lyot Project, which aims to reveal how planets and solar systems are formed.

cosmology

Ancient Light

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Seeing the Infancy of the Universe

A map of the sky at optical wavelengths shows a prominent horizontal band which is the light shining from our own Milky Way. The superimposed strip shows the area of the sky mapped by Planck during the First Light Survey. The color scale indicates the magnitude of the deviations of the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background from its average value, as measured by Planck at a frequency close to the peak of the CMB spectrum (red is hotter and blue is colder). The large red strips trace radio emission from the Milky Way, whereas the small bright spots high above the galactic plane correspond to emission from the Cosmic Microwave Background itself.
A map of the sky at optical wavelengths shows a prominent horizontal band which is the light shining from our own Milky Way. The superimposed strip shows the area of the sky mapped by Planck during the First Light Survey. The color scale indicates the magnitude of the deviations of the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background from its average value, as measured by Planck at a frequency close to the peak of the CMB spectrum (red is hotter and blue is colder). The large red strips trace radio emission from the Milky Way, whereas the small bright spots high above the galactic plane correspond to emission from the Cosmic Microwave Background itself. (Click to embiggen.)

The Planck Mission was lofted into orbit on the 14th of May this year to study light from the earliest ages of the universe.  Mission scientists have been doing routine testing and calibration of the satellites systems, and at the same time, monitoring the cooldown process for its detectors.

So, what’s Planck looking for? As with other missions that looked far back in time and space (such as COBE and WMAP) this one is searching out variations in the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background. To understand how important (and difficult that is), imagine trying to pick out the light of a firefly from across the solar system. Planck is trying to measure temperatures that are about a million times smaller than one degree. This is why the satellite’s detectors must be cooled to extremely low temperatures– close to absolute zero (–273.15°C, or zero Kelvin, 0K).

Now that the spacecraft is at its optimum operating condition, it’s starting to survey the sky, looking for those tiny, infinitesimal flickers of temperature change in the early cosmos — back before there were even stars or galaxies — when the cosmos was only 380, 000 years old. Understanding their data will bring astronomers closer to understanding the birth and evolution of the universe over the past 13.7 billion years.

The team released their early data this week, and the image above shows what theyr’e studying. Over the next 15 months, this European Space Agency microwave-sensitive satellite will concentrate on “first light” — the earliest flickers of light from a time when the universe was just beginning to form structures. Stay tuned!

Exploring Science and the Cosmos

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