In a couple of years we’ll all be goggling over images from the New Horizons spacecraft as it whizzes through the Pluto system. Right now, the spacecraft is about 880 million kilometers from Pluto and closing in fast at a speed of 16.26 kilometers per second (relative to Earth). On July 1-3, the New Horizons Long Range Imager (LORRI) trained its eye on the distant dwarf planet to grab a snapshot of the system. The image it sent back showed Pluto quite clearly, and right next to it, the largest moon, Charon. The two worlds are about 19,000 kilometers away from each other, so at such a great distance, this is a pretty big milestone for the spacecraft’s imaging system.
Charon was officially discovered in 1978 by astronomer James Christy, who was using a 1.55-meter telescope at the U.S. Naval Observatory facility in Arizona. It’s a smallish world, measuring only about 1,200 kilometers across (about half the size of Pluto). The surface appears to be covered with water ice, and may be getting “refreshed” through the action of cryo-geysers venting material up from beneath the surface. That makes it an interesting world to explore in its own right, next to Pluto.
In case you haven’t been keeping up with the Pluto news (and really, who HASN’T been thinking about Pluto and its planetary status, eh?), New Horizons is a robotic mission set to explore Pluto and its five moons. It will sweep past at about 12,000 kilometers from Pluto’s surface and study the moons before heading out to explore other parts of the Kuiper Belt region of our solar system where Pluto and other dwarf planets orbit. In October this year it will be just 5 astronomical units from Pluto. (An astronomical unit is the distance between Earth and the Sun, 149.5 million kilometers). To give you some perspective on that distance, Jupiter and the Sun are just over 5 AU apart.
New Horizons was launched on its headlong rush out to the solar system deep-freeze on January 19, 2006. After it does its look-see at Pluto, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx, then the spacecraft will proceed to check out various frozen worlds called Kuiper Belt Objects before the expected end of its mission in 2026. If all goes well, and New Horizons continues to function, it will begin exploring the outer reaches of the heliosphere (the farthest reaches of the solar wind), in late 2038. Right now, the only spacecraft we’re getting data from in THAT part of the solar system are the Voyager 1 and 2 missions. So, stay tuned for more Pluto system news as it happens!
I do a lot of traveling throughout the year, much of it related to astronomy in some way. Back in 1996, I went to the Big Island of Hawai’i to do a series of comet observations using the University of Hawai’i 2.3-meter telescope. Before that I had traveled the island during planetary science field trips, hiking the slopes of Kileaua and Mauna Loa to sample lava and study volcanic landscapes. It quickly became one of my favorite places to spend some time.
Astronomy and the Big Island of Hawai’i go hand in hand. On the eastern side of the island, high atop towering Mauna Kea, sits a collection of observatories that serve astronomers around the world. Not far away is the volcanically active Kileaua, whose active lava flows are “recarpeting” parts of the island along the southeast rift zone. I once heard someone describe those flows as the last gasp of a giant star’s life. Think about it.
The Galaxy Garden at Paleaku Peace Gardens Sanctuary on the Big Island of Hawai’i. Image copyright 2013 Carolyn Collins Petersen.
Earlier this year I had a chance to visit one of the Big Island’s hidden gems, a place that brings astronomy and the beauty of the island together in a very unique way. It’s called the Galaxy Garden—a place where you can literally walk across the Milky Way Galaxy. It’s a scale model of our galaxy made entirely of tropical plants, a lava walk, secluded benches and other hidden delights. My tour guide was artist Jon Lomberg, whose work I have long admired since I first saw it on the late Carl Sagan’s Cosmos series. The Galaxy Garden was his idea, and he worked on it with Barbara DeFranco, who is the director of the Paleaku Peace Cardens Sanctuary, of which the garden is an integral part.
As we walked through the garden, Jon talked to me about the driving force behind the garden. He was moved to create it by the sheer scale of our own galaxy. “It seemed to me that a garden you could walk though would be the perfect place to let people experience the scale of the Milky Way,” he told me.
Jon Lomberg points out our star and some nearby stars on a leaf of a planet located nearly at the outskirts of the garden. The earrings indicate the relative positions of those stars. The yellow dots on the plant leaves represent stars scattered throughout the galaxy. Image copyright 2013, Carolyn Collins Petersen
The garden is 100 feet wide and is set at a scale of a thousand light-years per foot. It occupies about a quarter acre of lawn in the Peace Garden, surrounded by trees, and not far away, a lovely lawn that is flanked by other gardens, including a Buddhist meditation garden. One of the interesting things that Jon pointed out to me is that the Galaxy Garden is on a slope with a slight swell in it, which echoes the warp that our galaxy has, probably due to interactions with other galaxies in the past.
The plants that make up the Galaxy Garden are all emblematic of objects in our galaxy. For example, the arms are planted with gold dust crotons, which have spotted leaves. Those spots represent the stars, dust and gas in our galaxy. In the regions where stars are born, gorgeous hibiscus flowers stand in for the many nebulae in our galaxy where stars form. In other areas, where stars are dying, vincas flowers represent planetary nebulae and the expanding remnants of supernova explosions. At the center of the garden, where the core of our galaxy is represented, tall-standing dracaena trees and red bromeliads stand in for the globular star clusters that whizz around the core. The core itself is represented by a little fountain that suggests the black hole at our galaxy’s core, plus its event horizon and jet activity. All in all, it’s a very cool experience to stroll the Galaxy Garden.
The core of our galaxy represented in the Galaxy Garden by a fountain. Image copyright 2013, Carolyn Collins Petersen.
To walk through the Galaxy Garden is to explore across 100,000 light-years of space. It’s amazing how much this helped me get a feel for the structure and immensity of our galactic home. When I couldn’t be any more amazed, Jon took me aside to one of the outer spiral arms and pointed to a small crystal earring. “Guess what this is,” he said. I looked at it and said, “The solar system?” It was, and it’s surrounded by small crystal earrings that represent the brightest nearby stars to the Sun. And, all of these are set on a few leaves on a towering plant at least 45 or so feet away from the center of the garden. That was when the scale of the galaxy really popped into reality for me.
I was able to spend about an hour strolling the Galaxy and exploring the rest of the gardens. The Garden is astronomically accurate and I was just totally blown away by the creativity it represents.
My tour guide, artist Jon Lomberg. The Galaxy Garden is his brainchild and creation, made possible by the Peace Garden Sanctuary. Image copyright 2013, Carolyn Collins Petersen
The Galaxy Garden is one of those hidden delights that make a trip really worthwhile. It’s the kind of place that tourists brag about finding. But, its splendors aren’t reserved for off-island visitors. Jon is working to make it more of a focal point for science educational outreach on the Big Island. Not far from the garden is a beautiful meeting room where local students watched the Mars Curiosity landing last year. He said the place was packed, showing him that there’s a LOT of local interest in astronomy.
If you’re headed for the Big Island, you HAVE to check this place out. It’s about 30 minutes south of Kona, and totally well worth the drive and the time you take to stroll the gardens. Check out the Peace Garden web site, and the Galaxy Garden web site for more information on how to get there and what days it’s open. They also have more pictures of the gardens and buildings you’ll be visiting. Jon also has a has a link to a talk he gave about the garden earlier this year. He’s a great speaker and very knowledgeable and it’s well worth watching. I thoroughly enjoyed my visit with him and the chance to see an amazing and beautiful representation of our home galaxy.
Peace out, galactically! And, thanks to Jon and Barbara for making my visit possible.
