Category Archives: astronomy

The Dance of the Galaxies

Hubble Sees It

Hubble Space Telescope has been peering out at galaxies (and all kinds of other objects in the cosmos) since 1990. Over the years it has captured many views of galaxies interacting. By interacting, I mean that they come together, they collide, they mingle stars and clouds of gas and dust, and then in the aftermath, new stars are formed. The view from a distance is breathtaking. Like this one. The combined galaxy interaction is named NGC 5331, and they lie about 450 million light-years away from us in the direction of the constellation Virgo.

The collision of a pair (or more) of galaxies begins long before they look like they’re actually touching. The gravitational influence of both galaxies begins to pull shreds of galaxy parts (gas, dust, stars). It also starts to distort the shape of the galaxies doing the interacting. If you look closely at this pair you’ll see some part of the lower galaxy is being pulled toward the “upper” galaxy. There are also little blue clouds out to either side of the galaxy. Most likely those are star-forming regions, so-called “starburst” knots that are ignited during galaxy interactions. (There are also other galaxies in the picture — see if you can spot them all.)  As things proceed, you start to see definite “shredding” effects as the shockwaves of collision distort the galaxies.

To celebrate the 18th anniversary of Hubble’s launch (gad, has it been 18 years already?), the Space Telescope Science Institute and the Hubble ESA folks have released an image collection of 59 galaxy interactions. Here’s another one — the interacting galaxy pair that makes up Arp 148. This one shows the pair well after the collision (interaction) began. The blue “ring-shaped” object is a collection of matter ejected by the shockwave generated during the collision. It’s blue because the shock also touched off a burst of star formation. Those are hot, young blue stars there, just beginning their lives in the chaos of a galaxy collision.

You can see the other 57 galaxy interactions here. Be prepared for quite a fascinating tour! It’s amazing what can happen when some of the biggest structures in the universe do a little cosmic dance with each other!

The Question About Science

I Hear it Often

The other day on the way home from San Francisco, I was waiting for a plane in Chicago and got to talking to a woman who was on the same flight with me. We swapped information about what we each did for a living, and eventually she came around to what I think of as The Question: “Why do you like astronomy?”

It’s a variant on a question that one of my professors asked me when I was in graduate school and told her that I wanted to take a minor in telecommunications engineering.  She looked me right in the eye and, with a dismissive wave of her hand, asked:  “Why do you want to take that geeky shit?”

The answer in both cases is the same:  because it fascinates me.  It’s science and it presents me with ways of knowing things about the universe (in the case of astronomy) and things about the technical aspects of communication (in the case of telecom) that I just don’t get in my every day reading. Considering that I was majoring in science writing in grad school, I’m kind of surprised that my former prof asked me that. But then again, she was a political writer, and there was (and is) no way I’d want to write about politics, so I guess it all evens out. I couldn’t imagine being fascinated with writing about the ins and outs of political campaigns, but it meant something to her much the same way that science does to me.

So, science is a way of knowing what’s happening in the cosmos. It gives us rules (like the laws of physics, for example) that can be applied to help us understand why a planet spins on its axis, or the wind blows or the ocean currents flow the way they do, or any of a billion, billion other topics that comprise scientific understanding. It’s totally cool to be standing on the edge of knowledge like that, open to the possibility that a new piece of data will come in that explains some aspect of a supernova explosion that we didn’t know about before. Or, that helps us understand just how it was that amino acids arranged themselves in a configuration that helped life arise on our planet.

The other day, I told my airport companion some of that and she looked a bit blank at first. Sometimes that happens, and the next thing out of their mouths is a statement like:  “Oh, I never was any good at science.”  But, this one surprised me. She started asking other questions, stuff that I suspect she’d never had a chance to ask before because…. well, probably because (given her lifestyle and experiences) she’d never met a scientist before or a science writer who could explain things to her. And she asked good questions, which is the essence of being a good scientist (and journalist, for that matter).  Those kinds of conversations are fun, and they teach me as much about what interests people about science as I (hopefully) teach them about astronomy.