Science and Fandom at Denver StarFest

Fans Explore Hubble, Pluto and Beyond

Groot greets a young fan at StarFest 2015. Carolyn Collins Petersen
Groot greets a young fan at StarFest 2015. Credit: Carolyn Collins Petersen

Every year I visit with the denizens of dozens of different worlds at the annual StarFest Entertainment Con in Denver (organized by Starland.com). These are the Star Trek and Star Wars citizens, along with Dr. Whovians, Middle Earthers, visitors from the many different flavors of anime and comic-dom, and others of the creatively anachronistic bent.

Giving a talk about Hubble Space Telescope at StarFest. Carolyn Collins Petersen
Giving a talk about Hubble Space Telescope at StarFest. Credit: DMGice

My job at the Con is to give science talks. It was the 13th or 14th con I’ve spoken at for the StarLand people, and I began doing them back before I started grad school. Of course, I’m a Trekkie from WAY back, so I get my geek on at the same time I’m sharing science with others.

This year I focused on exoplanets—the many worlds fans have visited in science fiction and fantasy—by way of looking at those discovered by astronomers. I also gave a talk commemorating the 25th anniversary of the launch of Hubble Space Telescope, and even before the talk started people were stopping to ask when it would be so they could get there early for a seat. The talks were standing room only, we had lots of time for Q&A, and there were many hallway conversations about astronomy and space exploration.

Each time I talk at StarFest (and even when I’m speaking to audiences in other venues) I get a LOT of questions about Pluto. You know what question people ask the most: why isn’t it a planet? This year, I decided to bring Pluto with me so folks could get first-hand information from a real-life Pluto explorer: Dr. Alan Stern. He’s an old friend from grad school, and the Principal Investigator for the New Horizons mission encounter with Pluto. I figured, if anybody could excite people even more than they already ARE about this dwarf planet, it would be Alan.

Alan Stern at StarFest, talking about Pluto.
Alan Stern at StarFest, talking about Pluto. Credit: Carolyn Collins Petersen

He took the stage on Saturday morning and from the first words, he had the audience enthralled as he talked about the mission, Pluto’s characteristics, and yes —why the IAU decision in 2006 was wrong. Simply put, planetary scientists are the best ones to make the decision about what is or isn’t a planet, and the criteria “voted on” by the remnants of the IAU meeting that year just don’t hold up in a court of planetary definitions. Particularly since we’re still figuring out what the solar system actually contains.

Right now we know of three times more dwarf planets than we do of actual “planets”. Alan explained it all very well, and the Q&A after his session went on for more than 30 minutes. It was a hit and they’d like to have him back again next year to do a follow-up.

A screen capture of my interview with journalist Presley Alexander.  Courtesy: Presley Alexander.
A screen capture of my interview with journalist Presley Alexander. Courtesy: Presley Alexander.

One of the most interesting experiences I had at StarFest this year was taking part in media interviews. The ones that stand out were with DMGIce, a local video producer with a world-wide audience, and a fascinating interview with a young lady named Presley Alexander who is not only a science whiz, but has her own YouTube channel. She is interested in a great many topics and makes videos as part of her home schooling. She was interviewing as many of the guest speakers at StarFest as she could get, and both Alan and I sat down for interviews with her. She was amazing, energetic,  professional, well-prepared, and it was a pleasure to talk with her. Check out her channel when you get the chance.

A screnshot of Alan Stern with Presley Alexander. Courtesy Presley Alexander.
A screen capture of Alan Stern with Presley Alexander. Courtesy Presley Alexander.

I’ve always known that there are many science-savvy people attending these cons, even among the other guest speakers. This year we had artist Rick Sternbach (best known for his Star Trek work) and terrifically well-versed in spacecraft (since he builds models), and actor Armin Shimerman (who played Quark on Star Trek: Deep Space 9), who I had a marvelous conversation with about dark matter.

People like astronomy and space—not just at StarFest. I’ve spoken at Shore Leave and WorldCon, and found the same thing to be true there. Among all the folks dressed as Klingons, Storm Troopers, Princess Leia, Sailor Moon characters, hobbits, wizards, Spiderman, Groot, Wonder Woman, and so on, there is a deep curiosity about the universe around us. It shouldn’t be a surprise—I’ve always thought that if your mind can handle all the interesting stories told in science fiction and fantasy, comics, and movies, you should be able to handle the wonders of the cosmos. Or maybe it’s the other way around.

Either way, judging by the folks who flocked to my two talks and Alan’s presentation, I think that’s all still true. I’ve been asked to organize a more extensive science track for StarFest in the next few years, which I think is a pretty good indication that science and fandom can and do co-exist. Wish me Qa’plah!

Where are Planets the Most Common in Our Galaxy?

Maybe Everywhere, It Turns Out

This shows where Kepler has aimed its planet-finding instruments (where it says “most known exoplanets”; OGLE is scanning the entire sky, and has found several planets between the Sun and the galactic bulge. Courtesy NASA.

As everybody knows, the Kepler Mission has been finding planets in the little section of the galaxy it has been studying for some years now. More than 4,000 planet candidates are out there, spied out by Kepler’s instruments. But, are those the only planets “out there”? Of course not. Astronomers think that exoplanets are ubiquitous—that is, they’re everywhere. One in five stars has Earth-similar planets orbiting in their habitable zones (the regions where liquid water could exist on their surfaces). Most stars in our galaxy have at least one planet.

That’s pretty reassuring if you’re into the search for other worlds. So, here’s some more good news: Spitzer Space Telescope and a ground-based observatory called the OGLE Warsaw Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, spied a gas giant planet about 13,000 light-years away from us toward the central bar of the Milky Way Galaxy. OGLE was built to survey the sky looking for planets, and Spitzer is uniquely positioned to give us an infrared look at planets once they’re found.

This artist’s conception shows a planet half as massive as Jupiter located 13,000 light-years from Earth. It was detected by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment and NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope using microlensing. Spitzer provided parallax measurements that allowed scientists to determine how far away the planet is. Christine Pulliam (CfA)

Astronomers are interested to find out if planets are more common in the region where this one was found, part of the galaxy’s central bulge. The center of the galaxy is likely to give us a view of more stars, and more stars means more chances for an event called “microlensing” to take place. That happens when one star passes between us and other one; as it does, the nearer star’s gravity acts as a lens to magnify and brighten the more distant star’s light. It can also reveal the presence of a planet circling the foreground star.

Astronomers are using microlensing to find and characterize planets up to 27,000 light-years away in the central bulge of our galaxy, where star crossings are more common. This technique has yielded about 30 planet discoveries so far, and the most distant known planet it has found is about 25,000 light-years away from us.

Astronomers use OGLE to find the planets, and Spitzer to pinpoint their exact locations, which is a long and complex process. The results, however, are expanding the number of known planets and their locations, and giving even more evidence to astronomers that planets are pretty commonplace across the galaxy.

Exploring Science and the Cosmos

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