Space Weather Headed Our Way

Watch the Skies — if You Can!

A coronal mass ejection from the Sun, captured by the SOHO satellite on September 10, 2014. NASA/SOHO
A coronal mass ejection from the Sun, captured by the SOHO satellite on September 10, 2014. NASA/SOHO

In case you haven’t heard, the Sun emitted an extremely strong flare and a huge coronal mass ejection our way a couple of days ago.  Here’s what it looked like (left). Currently space weather experts — the folks who track and try to understand solar storms — expect that we should be able to see increased auroral activity even down to the mid-latitudes. This means that folks who don’t normally see the northern and southern lights might have a chance to see them as the material from this outburst slams up against our upper atmosphere (the ionosphere).

Aurorae are just one of the effects of space weather. When a geomagnetic storm spurred by the the Sun’s activity rages around our planet, it can also affect everything from telecommunications to travel. Some years ago, I worked on a project for MIT’s Haystack Observatory that produced a video series explaining about space weather. You can check it out here. The series introduces the concepts of space weather and its effects, and has been used by educators and outreach professionals to talk about our sometimes stormy relationship with our star.

Also, check out my article at About.com going into more detail about this phenomenon. It’s called When Space Weather Attacks!

I’ll be checking my skies for aurorae starting late tonight (Thursday) and over the next couple of nights. If it isn’t storming at your location, do the same. You might be rewarded with a look at what happens when the Sun gets active!

If you do go out stargazing, here’s this month’s Our  Night Skies segment from Astrocast.TV. And, enjoy whatever views you DO get!

Rosetta Reveals Tip of the Comet 67P Knowledge Iceberg

Mapping Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko sports jagged cliffs and prominent boulders on its surface. This image was taken by OSIRIS on 5 September 2014 from a distance of 62 kilometers (about 38 miles) from the comet. The left part of the image shows a side view of the comet’s ‘body’, while the right is the back of its ‘head’. One pixel corresponds to 1.1 meters. Credits: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA

If you’ve ever wondered about the surface of a comet — and why not? — wonder no more. The Rosetta mission has figuratively ripped the fuzzy veil away from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Comet 67P for short) mapped its surface, and done preliminary analysis of what that surface is like. That’s just for starters!

It turns out this particular comet (and probably most comets) has a planetary scientist’s wonderland of features. To get you started exploring the comet, check out this amazing image of the comet released over the weekend by the Rosetta mission’s OSIRIS team. OSIRIS is an imaging instrument sensitive to optical as well as infrared light (essentially heat radiation).

When I first looked at this image a couple of hour or so ago, it reminded me of the top of a craggy mountain peak. However, this is no rocky mountain. It’s a chunk of ice the size of a big city, following an orbit that takes it from just outside the orbit of Jupiter (at its most distant) to outside Earth’s orbit over the course of 6.5 years. (Earth orbits at 1 A.U. from the Sun (150,000 million kilometers or 93 million miles.  The comet gets as close as 1.24 A.U. (185,940,000 kilometers or 115 million miles from the Sun).

(This is to reassure anyone who was worried that the comet will somehow intersect Earth’s orbit. It won’t. During perihelion passage (closest approach to the Sun) the comet and Earth will be 3.3 A.U. (490,000,000 million kilometers or 304 million miles). That occurs in August, 2015.)

Continue reading Rosetta Reveals Tip of the Comet 67P Knowledge Iceberg

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