A Career of Communicating Astronomy

Sharing the Universe’s Information

In a recent edition of Science News (a magazine I heartily recommend to anybody who wants to keep up with science), there was an article about an old friend of mine, Stephen Maran.  Steve has been the heart and soul of the American Astronomical Society’s press room for as long as I can remember — and I’ve been attending AAS meetings both as press and as a long-time member since the very early 1990s.  In an interesting “six degrees of separation” style, the editor of Science News, Tom Siegfried, was a frequent attender of press conferences at AAS meetings back when he worked at a newspaper. I find it amusing that he’s now featuring our press room mentor in the magazine.  Cool beans.

The press attending AAS meetings has always been a coterie of very well-informed science writers, sprinkled with a few general reporters who happened to be local or sent along for a particular story. As such, the press conferences at AAS have always felt more like science seminars to me — with the questions being quite a bit more high-level than many presscons where the press corps has consisted of general reporters, TV “stars” (often without much background in science, if any), and assorted hangers-on.  Part of that collegial atmosphere has always been due to Steve’s gentle (and often not-so-gentle) insistence that scientists be prepared when they give their press cons and that science writers be prepared as well. It’s been a good atmosphere and I expect it will continue under the guidance of the AAS’s new press officer, Rick Fienberg (who, in the interests of full disclosure, was MY boss at Sky & Telescope for several years in the late 1990s).

So, I’m reading the story in Science News and realize that many of the discoveries that Steve Maran talks about in the interview were ones that I witnessed in the press conferences at AAS over many years. That gave me a kind of warm, fuzzy feeling — as if I’ve been following the universe’s news for a long time. Which I have.

I first began going to press conferences at AAS as a writer back when I was still in graduate school and working as part of an HST instrument team for my keep (and tuition).  By that time, I’d been a science writer for well over a decade, beginning with stories I wrote about the Voyager 2 mission to Saturn for the Denver Post. The AAS presscons were (and continue to be) a gold mine of information. Through them I met others like me who had studied science and turned to writing, or had begun as writers and fell in love with science enough to learn more about it to become better reporters.

My own career as a science writer has spanned entire spacecraft missions, a well as the careers of scientists I’ve come to regard as friends. It has allowed me to share the universe with literally millions of people through my books, planetarium shows, vodcasts, podcasts, exhibits, and public lectures.  Often people write to thank me for opening the universe to their consideration, when they can find me. I’m not there for every planetarium show that gets presented or exhibit tour or what have you — at least not in person. I’m with them in the words that I wrote for the show they saw, the exhibit they experienced, the book they read on a snowy winter afternoon, or the online  media they downloaded and enjoyed. I’m like the little voice telling them the story of the cosmos that scientists have shared with me. And that gives me a great deal of satisfaction. In a sort of unique twist, I’ve recently begun hearing from planetarium professionals who saw one of my shows when they were kids in school, and now they’ve grown up to run their own planetariums and they’re running my shows.

It’s a great job — sharing the universe. I couldn’t do it without the scientists who stand there gazing out at the cosmos, teasing out its secrets and revealing its facts. And, thanks to folks like Steve Maran, getting those stories from the scientists has been a great joy and one I’ll look forward to doing for many years yet to come!

There are No Jewels So Lovely

As the Stars in the Night Sky

The gorgeous southern skies cluster NGC 4755, as seen by ESOs Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the MPG/ESO 2.2-meter telescope at ESOs La Silla Observatory.
The gorgeous southern skies cluster NGC 4755, as seen by ESO's Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the MPG/ESO 2.2-meter telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory.

Wow.

That’s all I can say about one of the latest images from the European Southern Observatory in Chile. This is the “Jewel Box” cluster, one of the loveliest open clusters in the sky.  It’s not one of the brightest things to see — you can just barely make it out with the naked eye. But, if you look at it through binoculars or  a smal telescope, you can start to see the jewel-like stars that give this cluster its name.  There are some amazing color contrasts between the brightest stars in the cluster — ranging from pale blue to golden orange stars.

Open clusters like this one can have anywhere from a few stars to thousands of them. They travel together through space, held together by their mutual gravitational attraction. They form together and stay together for a long time as they move through space.  Because the stars all formed together from the same cloud of gas and dust their ages and chemical makeup are similar, which makes them ideal laboratories for studying how stars evolve.

A closeup view of the Jewel Box cluster taken with the ESOs VLT observatory in Chile.
A closeup view of the heart of the Jewel Box cluster taken with the ESO's VLT observatory in Chile.

Okay, this is gorgeous to look at in a wide field of view, but what if you looked at the heart of the Jewel Box?  You’d use a  telescope such as the FORS1 instrument on the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) at ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile, and you’d get a very sharp closeup view of the heart of the cluster. You can start to distinguish stars from each other and their colors are really quite strikingly different, glittering like diamonds on a fancy brooch.

You start to notice how the brightnesses of the different stars contrast with each other. That huge variety in brightness is because the brighter stars are 15 to 20 times the mass of the Sun, while the dimmest stars are less than half the mass of the Sun. More massive stars shine much more brilliantly. They also age faster and make the transition to giant stars much more quickly than their faint, less-massive siblings.  This is another reason why astronomers like to study stars in clusters — their masses, ages, and sizes give them a range of stellar evolution to study.

Okay, so what if you wanted to really zero in on the stars in the Jewel Box?  You’d aim the Hubble Space Telescope at the cluster and use the  multi-wavelength capability of the telescope to give you optical, infrared, and ultraviolet views of those stars. And the view would be just as exhilirating as the images from Chile.

HSTs view of the central region of the Jewel Box Cluster.
HST's view of the central region of the Jewel Box Cluster.

This new Hubble image of the core of the Jewel Box cluster is the first comprehensive far ultraviolet to near-infrared image of an open galactic cluster.  HST imaged it using seven filters, which permit details of the stars at different wavelengths to shine through.

The image was taken near the end of the long life of the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 — Hubble’s workhorse camera. You can see several very bright, pale blue supergiant stars, a solitary ruby-red supergiant and a variety of other brilliantly colored stars in HST’s view. There are also many very faint stars, showing just how populous this cluster and its environment are. The intriguing colors of many of the stars result from their differing intensities at different ultraviolet wavelengths, which tell astronomers a great deal about the temperatures and chemical compositions of those stars and their gaseous atmospheres. So, as you can see, there’s value in the wide-field view and the zoom-in — and each view tells astronomers a great deal about this starry jewel box. Enjoy!

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Exploring Science and the Cosmos

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